Penerapan Pemeriksaan Psikologis pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus untuk Memaksimalkan Potensi

Nanda Audia Vrisaba(1), Onny Fransinata Anggara(2), Satiningsih Satiningsih(3),


(1) Universitas Negeri Surabaya
(2) Universitas Negeri Surabaya
(3) Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Abstract


Abstrak: Fenomena yang masih sering dijumpai di sebagian besar sekolah adalah adanya siswa yang tertinggal. Guru dan orang tua tidak mengetahu secara pasti hambatan yang dihadapi anak, sehingga mereka juga tidak mengetahui pengasuhan dan pembelajaran yang tepat untuk memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki anak berkebutuhan khsuus. Oleh karena itu, pemeriksaan psikologi yang diberikan bertujuan untuk mengetahui hambatan perkembangan yang dihadapi oleh siswa. Metode yang dilakukan melakukan pemeriksaan psikologis menggunakan wawancara pada siswa, guru, dan beberapa orang tua, observasi pada siswa, dan juga beberapa alat tes psikologi. Hasil dari pemeriksaan psikologis akan memberikan saran dan rekomendasi untuk mengembangkan siswa sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Pemeriksaan psikologis diberikan kepada 17 siswa yang telah melalui proses skrining dari masing-masing guru kelasnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar, yaitu 59% siswa mengalami hambatan dalam intelektual, 52% hambatan dalam sosial, serta 41% hambatan dalam aspek membaca dan menulis, dan 47%  hambatan dalam motorik halus. Beberapa saran dan rekomendasi yang diberikan, salah satunya adalah pembuatan Program Pembelajaran Individual (PPI) yang disusun berbeda dengan siswa lainnya untuk menyasar aspek perkembangan yang ingin dicapai oleh masing-masing anak. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa guru sekolah dan orang tua mulai memahami bagaimana pola pengasuhan dan juga pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan masing-masing kebutuhan siswa.

Abstract: A phenomenon that is often found in most schools is the presence of students who are left behind. Teachers and parents do not know exactly the obstacles faced by children, so they also do not know the right parenting and learning to maximize the potential of children with special needs. Therefore, the psychological examination provided aims to determine the developmental barriers faced by students. The method used is to carry out psychological examinations using interviews with students, teachers, and several parents, observation of students, and also several psychological test tools. The results of the psychological examination will provide suggestions and recommendations for developing students according to their needs. Psychological examinations were given to 17 students who had gone through the screening process from their respective class teachers. The results showed that the majority, namely 59% of students experienced intellectual barriers, 52% social barriers, and 41% had difficulties in aspects of reading and writing, and 47% had fine motor skills. Several suggestions and recommendations were given, one of which was the creation of an Individual Learning Program (PPI) which was structured differently from other students to target the developmental aspects that each child wanted to achieve. The results also show that school teachers and parents are beginning to understand how parenting and learning patterns are adapted to each student's needs.


Keywords


Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus; Pemeriksaan psikologis; Hambatan

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